Real Estate Services

Inicio > Living in Barcelona > Living in barcelona & History and Architecture

History, Art, and Architecture in Barcelona

Did you know that the history of Barcelona dates back 4,000 years? With so many millennia behind it, combined with its undeniable economic relevance, it results in a truly unique artistic and architectural heritage. No wonder it attracts over 9 million tourists per year!

Early History of Barcelona

While there are remains of settlements in its territory dating back to the late Neolithic period, the history of the city of Barcelona as such begins in the year 15 B.C. That’s when the Romans founded Barcino.

The foundation of Barcelona as a city gave rise to a walled castrum of 12 hectares. Despite such defensive measures, the city would be invaded by the Visigoths in the 5th century and by the Muslims in the year 711. However, this last invasion would be short-lived, as it ended with the arrival of the Franks in 801.

In the year 878, Guifré el Pilós managed to unify the entire Catalan territory and founded the dynasty of the Counts of Barcelona. The set of feudal counties would be grouped together as the “Marca Hispánica” in the 12th century. Under the reign of Jaume I the Conqueror (1213-1276), the history of the city of Barcelona experienced a great splendor at a territorial and institutional level.

Guide to Art and Architecture in Barcelona

Barcelona offers a fascinating mixture of styles and epochs that reflect its tumultuous history and innovative spirit. This guide provides a panoramic view of the architectural evolution of Barcelona, from its ancient Roman walls to its bold contemporary urban projects. In addition to highlighting the aesthetic aspects, the guide also explores the historical, cultural, and social context that has shaped the city’s architecture over the centuries.

Next, we will show you a list of the most emblematic buildings in Barcelona that you cannot miss:

1. THE SAGRADA FAMILIA

Architect

Antoni Gaudí.

Location

Carrer de Mallorca, 401, 08013 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1882 - Still in construction

Description:

The Sagrada Familia is a monumental Catholic basilica in Barcelona, designed by the renowned architect Antoni Gaudí, whose visionary vision makes it one of the most recognized masterpieces of Catalan modernism. This impressive structure combines Gothic, modernist, and surrealist elements, standing out for its slender towers, ornate facades, and rich religious symbolism in every detail. Its interior, bathed in natural light filtering through colored stained glass windows, creates a unique spiritual atmosphere. The Sagrada Familia is not just a building but a symbol of faith, creativity, and human ingenuity, continuing to amaze visitors from around the world with its unparalleled beauty and fascinating history.

2. LA PEDRERA

Architect

Antoni Gaudí.

Location

Passeig de Gràcia, 92, 08008 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1906 - 1912

Description:

La Pedrera, also known as Casa Milà, is one of the most emblematic masterpieces of Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí. Located on the prestigious Passeig de Gràcia, this extraordinary modernist construction breaks with the conventions of its time with its undulating, organic facade, which appears sculpted by wind and sea waves. La Pedrera is a masterful example of Gaudí’s innovative vision, which integrated natural and structural elements harmoniously and functionally. Inside, visitors are amazed by the unique interior courtyards, the helical staircase, and the ornamental details that reflect Gaudí’s obsession with nature and geometry. Today, La Pedrera is a symbol of Catalan modernism and a must-visit destination for those wishing to explore the creativity and genius of one of the most important architects in history.

Find the apartment of your dreams in Barcelona

3. PALACIO NACIONAL DE MONTJUIC

Architect

Eugenio Cendoya and Enric Catà.

Location

Montaña de Montjuïc, Barcelona, Spain

Year

1926 - 1929

Description:

The Palau Nacional de Montjuïc is an imposing neo-Baroque building that stands majestically at the top of Montjuïc mountain. With its impressive facade and imposing presence, the palace was built as the main headquarters of the 1929 International Exhibition. Its spacious halls and corridors are decorated with Renaissance and Baroque-style ornaments, creating an atmosphere of grandeur and elegance. In addition to its impressive architecture, the Palau Nacional de Montjuïc also houses the National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC), one of Barcelona’s most important museums, which exhibits a wide collection of Catalan art, from Romanesque to modernism. With its combination of history, art, and architecture, the Palau Nacional de Montjuïc is a must-visit destination for culture lovers visiting Barcelona.

4. SACRED HEART TEMPLE

Architect

Enric Sagnier i Villavecchia

Location

Monte Tibidabo, Barcelona, España.

Year

1902 - 1969

Description:

The Sacred Heart Temple is an impressive neo-Gothic basilica that stands atop Mount Tibidabo, offering a panoramic view of the city of Barcelona. With its imposing central tower and ornate facade, the temple is a landmark in the city’s skyline. The construction is inspired by Catalan and French Gothic architecture, with elaborate decorative details and great attention to detail. Inside, visitors can admire an impressive collection of sculptures, stained glass windows, and religious artwork. The Sacred Heart Temple is an important place of worship for the Catholic community of Barcelona and also attracts numerous visitors who wish to explore its architectural beauty and enjoy the panoramic views from its privileged location.

5. CASA BATLLÓ

Architect

Antoni Gaudí.

Location

Passeig de Gràcia número 43, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1904 - 1906

Description:

Casa Batlló is a fascinating example of Antoni Gaudí’s architectural genius and one of Barcelona’s most iconic modernist jewels. With its undulating facade, reminiscent of ocean waves, and colorful ornamentation, the house stands out as a masterpiece of organic design. Gaudí completely transformed a conventional 19th-century building into a unique expression of his characteristic style, blending natural and geometric elements in a surprising harmony. Inside, visitors are captivated by Gaudí’s creativity and ingenuity, from the spiral staircase to the stained glass windows that magically filter light. Casa Batlló is much more than a house; it is a sensory experience that invites you to immerse yourself in the imaginative world of one of history’s most influential architects.

6. BARCELONA MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART (MACBA)

Architect

Richard Meier.

Location

Plaça dels Àngels, 1, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1995

Description:

MACBA is an international reference in the world of contemporary art. Its architecture, designed by Richard Meier, is distinguished by its modern and minimalist style, with geometric shapes and a predominance of white contrasting with the historic surroundings of the Raval neighborhood. The building is composed of different interconnected volumes, creating open and bright interior spaces ideal for the exhibition of contemporary artworks in various disciplines such as painting, sculpture, photography, video art, and conceptual art. In addition to its permanent collection, MACBA hosts temporary exhibitions by renowned national and international artists, becoming a meeting point for lovers of avant-garde art and a space for reflection on current cultural trends.

7. PALAU DE LA MÚSICA CATALANA

Architect

Lluís Domènech i Montaner.

Location

Palau de la Música, 4-6, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1905 - 1908

Description:

The Palau de la Música Catalana is an architectural gem of Catalan modernism and one of Barcelona’s most emblematic buildings. Its facade is decorated with sculptural elements, mosaics, and colorful stained glass windows that represent the cultural and musical richness of Catalonia. Inside, the building dazzles with an impressive concert hall dominated by a large skylight and surrounded by sculpted and ornate columns. The hall is decorated with floral details and sculptures representing mythological and allegorical figures. The Palau de la Música Catalana is famous for both its architectural beauty and its exceptional acoustics, making it a perfect setting for classical music concerts, recitals, and performances of all kinds. It is a must-visit destination for music and architecture lovers visiting Barcelona.

8. TORRE AGBAR

Architect

Jean Nouvel en colaboración with b720 Fermín Vázquez Arquitectos.

Location

Plaça de les Glòries Catalanes, 1, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1999 - 2005

Description:

Torre Agbar is an impressive skyscraper that rises like a modern lighthouse on Barcelona’s skyline. With its distinctive cylindrical shape and facade covered with over 4,500 glass and aluminum panels, the tower stands out for its avant-garde design and striking nighttime lighting, which changes color according to the occasion. With a height of 144 meters and 38 floors, the Torre Agbar has become an iconic symbol of the city and an important landmark in its skyline. Inside, it houses offices, commercial spaces, and a conference room, offering a modern and functional environment for those who work and visit the building. Torre Agbar is an impressive example of contemporary architecture and an architectural landmark that cannot be missed in Barcelona.

9. CASA AMATLLER

Architect

Josep Puig i Cadafalch.

Location

Passeig de Gràcia número 41, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1898 - 1900

Description:

Casa Amatller is a prominent example of Catalan modernism and one of the most recognized works of architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch. This impressive private residence combines elements of different architectural styles, including Gothic, Baroque, and modernism, creating a unique fusion of forms and ornamentation. The facade of Casa Amatller is particularly notable for its elaborate decoration, which includes sculptures, reliefs, and ceramic tiles inspired by Catalan history and culture. Inside, visitors can admire the exquisite decoration of the different rooms, reflecting the refined taste of the Amatller family, as well as a rich collection of artworks and furniture from the period. Casa Amatller is an architectural treasure that offers a window to the past and a glimpse of the creative talent of Barcelona’s modernist architects.

10. CATHEDRAL OF SANTA EULÁLIA

Architect

Jaume Fabre, Guillem Sagrera and Antoni Gaudí.

Location

Plaza de la Seu, s/n, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

Siglo XIII - Siglo XV

Description:

The Cathedral of Santa Eulalia, also known as the Cathedral of Barcelona, is an impressive masterpiece of Catalan Gothic architecture. Its imposing structure stands out for its tall towers, elegant buttresses, and elaborate facade, which combines Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque elements. Inside, visitors can admire a magnificent central nave, a beautiful cloister, and a chapel dedicated to Santa Eulalia, the patron saint of Barcelona. The cathedral also houses the Cathedral Museum, which exhibits a collection of religious art and liturgical objects of great historical and cultural value. With its impressive architecture and rich history, the Cathedral of Santa Eulalia is one of Barcelona’s most iconic monuments and an important place of worship and tourism in the city.

11. CASA DE LES PUNXES

Architect

Josep Puig i Cadafalch.

Location

Avenida Diagonal, número 420, en el distrito del Ensanche de Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1903 - 1905

Description:

The Casa de les Punxes, also known as Casa Terradas, is an impressive modernist building distinguished by its pointed towers that stand out in Barcelona’s skyline. Designed by Josep Puig i Cadafalch, the house is a symbol of Catalan modernism and a masterpiece of eclectic architecture. The facade is decorated with medieval elements, such as ogival arches, decorative ceramics, and sculptures that refer to the legend of Saint George. Inside, the house houses residential apartments, which formerly belonged to three Terradas sisters, who commissioned its construction. Casa de les Punxes is a testimony to the splendor of Catalan modernism and a must-visit for architecture enthusiasts visiting Barcelona.

12. CASA VICENS GAUDÍ

Architect

Antoni Gaudí.

Location

Carrer de les Carolines, 20-26, Gràcia, 08012 Barcelona

Year

1883 - 1889

Description:

Casa Vicens is one of Antoni Gaudí’s early masterpieces and an iconic monument of Catalan modernism. The building is characterized by its striking combination of styles, including unique neo-Moorish, oriental, and Gaudinian elements. The facade is adorned with colorful ceramic tiles and floral motifs, while the balconies and railings feature intricate wrought iron shapes. Inside, visitors are impressed by Gaudí’s creativity and ingenuity, with rooms that feature rich ornamentation and careful attention to detail. Casa Vicens is a testament to Gaudí’s visionary talent and a must-visit for those wishing to explore modernist architecture in Barcelona.

13. MEDIA-TIC BUILDING

Architect

Enric Ruiz-Geli

Location

Carrer de Roc Boronat, 117, Sant Martí, 08018 Barcelona

Year

2010

Description

The Media-TIC Building is an innovative architectural complex that combines technology, sustainability, and cutting-edge design. Its futuristic architecture stands out for its facade covered with a textile mesh that filters sunlight and regulates indoor temperature efficiently. This cladding, in addition to providing a unique aesthetic, allows for the generation of solar energy and the capture of rainwater for reuse. Inside, the building houses collaborative workspaces, meeting rooms, and recreational areas, designed to foster creativity and interaction among professionals in the technology and creative industries. The Media-TIC Building has become a symbol of innovation in Barcelona and an international reference in sustainable architecture and 21st-century workspaces.

14. EL PEZ DE GEHRY

Architect

Frank Gehry.

Location

C/ de Ramon Trias Fargas, 2, Ciutat Vella, 08005 Barcelona

Year

1992

Description:

“Gehry’s Fish” is a monumental sculpture representing a stylized and abstract fish. With a structure of steel and aluminum, the sculpture stands out for its curved shapes and shiny surface, which reflects the sunlight and the maritime environment that surrounds it. The work is inspired by the marine life of the Mediterranean and integrates harmoniously into the port landscape of Barcelona. With its unique design and privileged location, “Gehry’s Fish” has become an iconic symbol of the city and a popular attraction for both residents and visitors.

15. BASÍLICA DE SANTA MARIA DEL MAR

Architect

Berenguer de Montagut and Ramon Despuig.

Location

Plaza de Santa Maria, 1, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Year

1329 - 1383

Description:

The Basilica of Santa Maria del Mar, also known as the Cathedral of the Sea, is an impressive masterpiece of Catalan Gothic architecture. With its imposing stone facade, tall columns, and stunning vaults, the basilica is an outstanding example of 14th-century Catalan Gothic architecture. The interior of the church is characterized by its luminosity and sobriety, with a single nave that rises majestically towards the sky. Visitors can admire the impressive stained glass windows that adorn the windows and the beautiful rose window that illuminates the main altar. The Basilica of Santa Maria del Mar is also known for its impressive acoustics, making it an ideal venue for concerts and musical events. With its rich history and magnificent architecture, the basilica is a place of worship and an important tourist destination in Barcelona.

Don't miss out on what there is to do in Barcelona

Restaurants in Barcelona

Best Bars in Barcelona

Transports in Barcelona

What to do and see in Barcelona

Barcelona Festivals

Architecture in Barcelona

Contacta us

Take a look at all the neighborhoods of Barcelona

Living in the Eixample

Living in Ciutat Vella

Living in Sants-Montjuïc

Living in Les Corts

Living in Sarriá
Sant Gervasi

Living in Grácia

Living in Horta Guinardó

Living in Nou Barris

Living in Sant Andreu

Living in Sant Martí